Aplicación de un modelo de análisis de textos narrativos

Abstract

El artículo presenta un análisis comparativo entre textos orales de una hablante preadolescente (de 12 años) y de una niña (de 9 años) para observar las diferencias en el uso de las estrategias discursivas en cada etapa madurativa. El corpus estudiado está formado por cuatro testimonios o textos orales, dos de cada hablante. Los primeros parten del relato oral de un texto narrativo literario, Hombre de nieve, de la escritora argentina Elsa Bornemann, y los otros dos son narraciones orales espontáneas a partir de la consigna “narrar el día más feliz de su vida”. El fin es constatar la fuerza de lo afectivo en estos relatos y contrastarlos con los textos basados en el relato referido. El método de análisis empleado es el de Labov (1972), que consiste, básicamente, en establecer, mediante tablas, comparaciones de distintos aspectos de las narraciones orales. Este trabajo parte de un marco teórico que fue la base del análisis del corpus e incluye los textos trabajados, su análisis, las conclusiones y la bibliografía consultada

The aim of this paper is to make a comparative analysis between oral texts of a male preadolescent speaker (12 years old) and those of a girl (9 years old) in order to observe the difference in the use of discursive strategies at each maturation stage. The corpus studied is made of four oral testimonies or texts, two from each speaker. The first two start from the oral relating of a literary narrative text, Hombre de nieve (Snow man) by the Argentinean writer Elsa Bornemann; the other two are spontaneous oral narrations in response to the instruction,“narrate the happiest day of your life”.The aim is to verify the force of affective factors in these narrations and contrast them with the texts based on the above mentioned story. The analysis method used is Laboy’s (1972), consisting basically in making comparisons,by means of tables,of different aspects of oral narrations.The method used is the one that Navarro and Díaz (1995) call “intensive strategy”, based on a relatively small, strongly individual corpus. “The idea is to integrate in the analysis,eventually,all the elements which are present in the text, rebuilding their systematic relations in it.” (1995:196). In addition, the importance of comparing the said texts with spontaneous narrations by the same speakers was noticed .Labov calls these narrations “narratives of personal experience” (1967).This paper is part of a theoretical framework which served as the basis for the corpus analysis and included the worked texts, their analysis, the conclusions and the consulted bibliography. Key word